Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Impaired Fat Absorption from Intestinal Tract in High-Fat Diet Fed Male Mice Deficient in Proglucagon-Derived Peptides

doi: 10.3390/nu16142270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of HFD feeding on the weight of various tissues and hormones in the presence and absence of proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs). ( a ) Body weight, ( b ) liver weight, inguinal and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, ( c ) food intake (kcal/day, g/day), ( d ) blood glucose, plasma concentrations of ( e ) insulin, FGF21, corticosterone, and ( f ) FFA, triglyceride, cholesterol levels in normal chow (NC)-fed control mice (black dots; n = 8), high-fat diet (HFD)-fed control mice (orange dots; n = 8), NC-fed GCGKO mice (white dots; n = 8), and HFD-fed GCGKO mice (green dots; n = 8) after 1 week of intervention. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: Samples were then dissolved in 100 μL isopropanol and analyzed using the following assays: FFA (NEFA C test, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co.), triglyceride (Triglyceride E test, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co.), and total cholesterol (LabAssay Cholesterol, Cholesterol Oxidase·DAOS method) (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co.).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Control

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Impaired Fat Absorption from Intestinal Tract in High-Fat Diet Fed Male Mice Deficient in Proglucagon-Derived Peptides

doi: 10.3390/nu16142270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fat accumulation in the liver of HFD-fed GCGKO mice and HFD-fed control mice. ( a ) FFA, triglyceride, and cholesterol content, and ( b ) glycogen content in NC-fed control mice (black dots; n = 8), HFD-fed control mice (orange dots; n = 8), NC-fed GCGKO mice (white dots; n = 8), and HFD-fed GCGKO mice (green dots; n = 8) in the liver after 1 week of intervention. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: Samples were then dissolved in 100 μL isopropanol and analyzed using the following assays: FFA (NEFA C test, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co.), triglyceride (Triglyceride E test, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co.), and total cholesterol (LabAssay Cholesterol, Cholesterol Oxidase·DAOS method) (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co.).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Impaired Fat Absorption from Intestinal Tract in High-Fat Diet Fed Male Mice Deficient in Proglucagon-Derived Peptides

doi: 10.3390/nu16142270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fat absorption from the intestinal tract in HFD-fed GCGKO mice and HFD-fed control mice. ( a ) Time course of plasma triglyceride levels in oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) and intraperitoneal fat tolerance test (IPFTT) in control and GCGKO mice. Plasma triglyceride levels at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h in OFTT control mice (black line; n = 8), GCGKO mice (red line; n = 8), and at 0, 1, 2, and 4 h in IPFTT in control mice (black line; n = 9) and GCGKO mice (red line; n = 9). ( b ) Fecal FFA, triglycerides, and cholesterol content in HFD-fed control mice (black dots; n = 6) and HFD-fed GCGKO mice (red dots; n = 8). ( c ) mRNA expression levels of genes ( Cd36 , L-fabp , Fabp2 , Fatp4 , Npc1l1 , Abcg5 , Abcg8 , Shp , Pparα , Mtp , Apob , Acf , Il-6 , Tnfα ) in HFD-fed control mice (black bars; n = 8) and HFD-fed GCGKO mice (red bars; n = 8) in the intestinal duodenum after 1 week intervention. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). ( d ) Representative photomicrographs of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and alcian blue, periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining in sections of the small intestine of HFD-fed control mice and GCGKO mice. Goblet cell production (arrows) could be observed at every segment. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using an unpaired Student’s t -test.

Article Snippet: Samples were then dissolved in 100 μL isopropanol and analyzed using the following assays: FFA (NEFA C test, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co.), triglyceride (Triglyceride E test, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co.), and total cholesterol (LabAssay Cholesterol, Cholesterol Oxidase·DAOS method) (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co.).

Techniques: Control, Clinical Proteomics, Expressing, Staining